In he following article I would like to discuss the various types of sensors for digital cameras.

As already discussed about the changes arising from differences in the size of the sensor itself, this article chose to focus on the most common production technologies used in digital photography industry. The issue of camera sensor technology is one main point of contention digital photographers in the camp, since each application methods there are advantages and disadvantages – difficult to compare them “heads up”.

I will try to present the defining characteristics of sensors which have been made CCD and CMOS technologies, and this without going into too much technical explanations relating to electronics.As mentioned in articles that speak about decoding the color and size of sensors, each receptor cell is actually a “bar” silicon, which “catches” the photons and transfer their energy to electrons, thus creating an electric signal issued using light energy. Both the CCD and CMOS built on this principle, but this similarity ended.CCD, which is the charge-coupled device, is the oldest technology and the most widely used digital imaging market. The CCD device is actually an analog device as it does not convert to a digital signal itself, but serves only as a surface receives a memorial on the amount of electric charge in each cell absorb the light.The conversion of these values ??and increase signal is done by either circuit, which is not a part from the sensor itself. Important to note the fact that the act of “reading” is done in serial, consecutive cell values ??are to the end line of the same line. Result is derived that Could not get the reading value of each pixel in real time, but only after reading each line of pixels in which he is finished. As a result, the sensor’s response time to all the time reading. disadvantages of the CCD sensor are higher power following the above , emission of heat (and consequently – the formation of thermal noise) is higher, and other sub-circuits needed to convert the signal into a digital signal generation and amplification before being sent to the processor. Although the capabilities of the CCD sensor in touch sensitivity and spectral range – dynamic – greater than those of the CMOS sensor, as during the signal converter
(Analog to Digital Converter) strong, the user has a large bandwidth (14 or 16 bit) is capable of delivering high-quality image than that will be more than CMOS sensor. CCD sensors are used in video cameras and simple stills as well as professional equipment (like the Leica M9 camera and digital backs and medium format cameras, even in optical systems with high-resolution spy satellite intended). It is important to emphasize that until the CCD sensor is required to work in low light capability is very high sensitivity and ability to work hard for a long time – will have the upper hand.CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) is the underlying technology active pixel sensor sensors) APS) in which each receptor cell cycle stage of the amplifier. Signal obtained from each pixel sensor is able to undergo the processes of amplification primary and cleaning noise in real time, allowing time reading ((readout time shorter and power efficient than CCD sensors. Ability to read the values ??of individual pixels in real time without having to scan the values ??of row pixels Solomon , allows great flexibility in terms of controlling noise digital. For example, given the opportunity to compare the values ??of the noise pixel is active and the values ??of the pixel that is being used and the transmitter thermal noise (dark current noise) to subtract the values ??of the usual clamor of the signal received from the receptor is active. option above ”to grant sensor CMOS the ability to work the values ??of sensitivity (ISO) are much higher than those in use sensors CCD. truth is that the claims about the ability of CMOS to work in low light and slower Photography faster correct. Indeed, when it comes to comparing the quality of the image which was photographed under conditions that are extreme, the outcome of sensor CMOS disappointing to some extent compared with that obtained sensor the CCD. cost of production, the amount of frames per second in a photo serial, better utilization of the battery, the ability to work at high temperatures and low ratio of signal to noise sensitivities are high – are becomingthe CMOS technology to implement the most cost-effective for the DSLR cameras in the semi professional and professional and every other area where you can compromise on image quality in exchange for greater flexibility of the system.

In addition to the two main technologies to produce sensors and related technologies there are, that exploit the advantages of each of the major systems in a different way. Expand the generality of the different types of technologies to view the readers:

Other technologies are based on CMOS sensors are CCD and the CCD systems 3 and MOS 3, which Break the beam with a prism to three different waves represent three primary colors, and routes all had unique color sensor. Thus, the system is actually built from three sensors, each of which receives the color of his responsibility. Such systems, color accuracy and image sharpness that arise because of the higher separation capacity and absence of color decoding interpolation process &#82ǫ undermines the image sharpness. These systems cost much higher than systems that use a single sensor, and are mainly used in the video industry.

Technology is similar to MOS3 3X FOVEON technology company owned by SIGMA.
Separating the colors and using them to designated receptor is similar to how a film emulsion is made. Different wavelengths are absorbed in different layers of silicon receptor Thai are made of the Foveon sensor:
So you can use only one sensor, which is actually the “sandwich” of three layers receptors. MOS systems like 3 – image sharpness and ability to separate the colors exceed all other technology. But even that has a price: Since the system is more complex electronically, signal to noise ratio and its power are outstanding achievements for.

Super CCD technology company owned by FujiFilm also emulates the structure of the film, although in a different way. Super CCD sensors simulate the crystal structure of the film that they combine different sized receptor Thai one sensor.This technology allows more precise information about the scenes of high contrast transitions, thus expanding the dynamic range of the sensor. Cameras utilize the Super CCD technology transfer are characterized by richer colors and their ability to get the information too bright areas and dark areas in an unusual way.

Technology Back Illuminated Sensor (BSI) and especially technology EXMOR-R, Sony is implementing
The advantages of CMOS sensors used in a slightly different structure of the conventional sensor.
Light absorption efficiency (or basic sensitivity) of receptors such sensor will be higher than normal CMOS sensor location after the transfer of electronic circuitry and wiring from the area around the receptor cells into the silicon itself. So the photons are passing through circuit elements on their way to the bottom H&#82ǵbar &#82Ǵ- which increases the light absorption efficiency by about 70 percent.